在Debian 11系统上安装Docker

CiXde

个人用户如何安装Debian 11系统：https://flarum.cixde.com/d/5-%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85debian-11%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F

检查软件源是否需要更新
```
apt-get update
```

安装Docker辅助软件包

apt-get install -y \apt-transport-https \ca-certificates \curl \gnupg \lsb-release \unzip \sudo \vim

安装时的输出显示↓↓↓
root@debian:~# apt-get install -y \apt-transport-https \ca-certificates \curl \gnupg \lsb-release \unzip \vim Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done ca-certificates is already the newest version (20210119). lsb-release is already the newest version (11.1.0). lsb-release set to manually installed. The following additional packages will be installed: dirmngr gnupg-l10n gnupg-utils gpg gpg-agent gpg-wks-client gpg-wks-server gpgconf gpgsm libassuan0 libcurl4 libgpm2 libksba8 libnpth0 pinentry-curses vim-runtime Suggested packages: dbus-user-session pinentry-gnome3 tor parcimonie xloadimage scdaemon gpm pinentry-doc zip ctags vim-doc vim-scripts The following NEW packages will be installed: apt-transport-https curl dirmngr gnupg gnupg-l10n gnupg-utils gpg gpg-agent gpg-wks-client gpg-wks-server gpgconf gpgsm libassuan0 libcurl4 libgpm2 libksba8 libnpth0 pinentry-curses unzip vim vim-runtime 0 upgraded, 21 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 16.4 MB of archives. After this operation, 53.8 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 apt-transport-https all 2.2.4 [160 kB] Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 libcurl4 amd64 7.74.0-1.3+deb11u7 [346 kB] Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 curl amd64 7.74.0-1.3+deb11u7 [270 kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 libassuan0 amd64 2.5.3-7.1 [50.5 kB] Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gpgconf amd64 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [548 kB] Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 libksba8 amd64 1.5.0-3+deb11u2 [123 kB] Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 libnpth0 amd64 1.6-3 [19.0 kB] Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 dirmngr amd64 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [763 kB] Get:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gnupg-l10n all 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [1,086 kB] Get:10 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gnupg-utils amd64 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [905 kB] Get:11 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gpg amd64 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [928 kB] Get:12 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 pinentry-curses amd64 1.1.0-4 [64.9 kB] Get:13 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gpg-agent amd64 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [669 kB] Get:14 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gpg-wks-client amd64 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [524 kB] Get:15 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gpg-wks-server amd64 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [516 kB] Get:16 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gpgsm amd64 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [645 kB] Get:17 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 gnupg all 2.2.27-2+deb11u2 [825 kB] Get:18 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 libgpm2 amd64 1.20.7-8 [35.6 kB] Get:19 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 unzip amd64 6.0-26+deb11u1 [172 kB] Get:20 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:8.2.2434-3+deb11u1 [6,226 kB] Get:21 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian bullseye/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.2.2434-3+deb11u1 [1,494 kB] Fetched 16.4 MB in 49s (337 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package apt-transport-https. (Reading database ... 27902 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-apt-transport-https_2.2.4_all.deb ... Unpacking apt-transport-https (2.2.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libcurl4:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../01-libcurl4_7.74.0-1.3+deb11u7_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcurl4:amd64 (7.74.0-1.3+deb11u7) ... Selecting previously unselected package curl. Preparing to unpack .../02-curl_7.74.0-1.3+deb11u7_amd64.deb ... Unpacking curl (7.74.0-1.3+deb11u7) ... Selecting previously unselected package libassuan0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../03-libassuan0_2.5.3-7.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libassuan0:amd64 (2.5.3-7.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package gpgconf. Preparing to unpack .../04-gpgconf_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gpgconf (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libksba8:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../05-libksba8_1.5.0-3+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libksba8:amd64 (1.5.0-3+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnpth0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../06-libnpth0_1.6-3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnpth0:amd64 (1.6-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package dirmngr. Preparing to unpack .../07-dirmngr_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking dirmngr (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gnupg-l10n. Preparing to unpack .../08-gnupg-l10n_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_all.deb ... Unpacking gnupg-l10n (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gnupg-utils. Preparing to unpack .../09-gnupg-utils_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gnupg-utils (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gpg. Preparing to unpack .../10-gpg_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gpg (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package pinentry-curses. Preparing to unpack .../11-pinentry-curses_1.1.0-4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking pinentry-curses (1.1.0-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package gpg-agent. Preparing to unpack .../12-gpg-agent_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gpg-agent (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gpg-wks-client. Preparing to unpack .../13-gpg-wks-client_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gpg-wks-client (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gpg-wks-server. Preparing to unpack .../14-gpg-wks-server_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gpg-wks-server (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gpgsm. Preparing to unpack .../15-gpgsm_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gpgsm (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package gnupg. Preparing to unpack .../16-gnupg_2.2.27-2+deb11u2_all.deb ... Unpacking gnupg (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgpm2:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../17-libgpm2_1.20.7-8_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.7-8) ... Selecting previously unselected package unzip. Preparing to unpack .../18-unzip_6.0-26+deb11u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking unzip (6.0-26+deb11u1) ... Selecting previously unselected package vim-runtime. Preparing to unpack .../19-vim-runtime_2%3a8.2.2434-3+deb11u1_all.deb ... Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim82/doc/help.txt to /usr/share/vim/vim82/doc/help.txt.vim-tiny by vim-runtime' Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim82/doc/tags to /usr/share/vim/vim82/doc/tags.vim-tiny by vim-runtime' Unpacking vim-runtime (2:8.2.2434-3+deb11u1) ... Selecting previously unselected package vim. Preparing to unpack .../20-vim_2%3a8.2.2434-3+deb11u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking vim (2:8.2.2434-3+deb11u1) ... Setting up libksba8:amd64 (1.5.0-3+deb11u2) ... Setting up libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.7-8) ... Setting up apt-transport-https (2.2.4) ... Setting up unzip (6.0-26+deb11u1) ... Setting up libnpth0:amd64 (1.6-3) ... Setting up libassuan0:amd64 (2.5.3-7.1) ... Setting up gnupg-l10n (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Setting up gpgconf (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Setting up libcurl4:amd64 (7.74.0-1.3+deb11u7) ... Setting up curl (7.74.0-1.3+deb11u7) ... Setting up vim-runtime (2:8.2.2434-3+deb11u1) ... Setting up gpg (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Setting up gnupg-utils (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Setting up pinentry-curses (1.1.0-4) ... Setting up vim (2:8.2.2434-3+deb11u1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vim (vim) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vimdiff (vimdiff) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rvim (rvim) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode Setting up gpg-agent (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/user/sockets.target.wants/gpg-agent-browser.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-browser.socket. Created symlink /etc/systemd/user/sockets.target.wants/gpg-agent-extra.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-extra.socket. Created symlink /etc/systemd/user/sockets.target.wants/gpg-agent-ssh.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent-ssh.socket. Created symlink /etc/systemd/user/sockets.target.wants/gpg-agent.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/user/gpg-agent.socket. Setting up gpgsm (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Setting up dirmngr (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/user/sockets.target.wants/dirmngr.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/user/dirmngr.socket. Setting up gpg-wks-server (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Setting up gpg-wks-client (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Setting up gnupg (2.2.27-2+deb11u2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-13+deb11u6) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ... Processing triggers for mailcap (3.69) ... root@debian:~#

获取Docker的gpg key密钥

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

执行这行命令之后不会有任何输出

把Docker的软件源写入系统中

echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

执行这行命令之后不会有任何输出

再次更新软件源
```
apt-get update
```
这时能看见Docker的软件源被更新到了

安装Docker

apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

安装时的输出显示↓↓↓
root@debian:~# apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: dbus-user-session docker-buildx-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-compose-plugin git git-man iptables liberror-perl libip6tc2 libltdl7 libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnfnetlink0 libslirp0 patch pigz slirp4netns Suggested packages: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount | cgroup-lite git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn firewalld ed diffutils-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: containerd.io dbus-user-session docker-buildx-plugin docker-ce docker-ce-cli docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-compose-plugin git git-man iptables liberror-perl libip6tc2 libltdl7 libnetfilter-conntrack3 libnfnetlink0 libslirp0 patch pigz slirp4netns 0 upgraded, 19 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 109 MB/118 MB of archives. After this operation, 437 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bullseye/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.6.21-1 [28.3 MB] Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bullseye/stable amd64 docker-buildx-plugin amd64 0.10.4-1~debian.11~bullseye [25.9 MB] Get:3 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bullseye/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye [13.2 MB] Get:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bullseye/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye [22.0 MB] Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bullseye/stable amd64 docker-ce-rootless-extras amd64 5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye [8,771 kB] Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian bullseye/stable amd64 docker-compose-plugin amd64 2.17.3-1~debian.11~bullseye [10.9 MB] Fetched 92.6 MB in 14s (6,518 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package pigz. (Reading database ... 30090 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-pigz_2.6-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking pigz (2.6-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package containerd.io. Preparing to unpack .../01-containerd.io_1.6.21-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking containerd.io (1.6.21-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package dbus-user-session. Preparing to unpack .../02-dbus-user-session_1.12.24-0+deb11u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking dbus-user-session (1.12.24-0+deb11u1) ... Selecting previously unselected package docker-buildx-plugin. Preparing to unpack .../03-docker-buildx-plugin_0.10.4-1~debian.11~bullseye_amd64.deb ... Unpacking docker-buildx-plugin (0.10.4-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Selecting previously unselected package docker-ce-cli. Preparing to unpack .../04-docker-ce-cli_5%3a23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye_amd64.deb ... Unpacking docker-ce-cli (5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Selecting previously unselected package libip6tc2:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../05-libip6tc2_1.8.7-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libip6tc2:amd64 (1.8.7-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnfnetlink0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../06-libnfnetlink0_1.0.1-3+b1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnfnetlink0:amd64 (1.0.1-3+b1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnetfilter-conntrack3:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../07-libnetfilter-conntrack3_1.0.8-3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnetfilter-conntrack3:amd64 (1.0.8-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package iptables. Preparing to unpack .../08-iptables_1.8.7-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking iptables (1.8.7-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package docker-ce. Preparing to unpack .../09-docker-ce_5%3a23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye_amd64.deb ... Unpacking docker-ce (5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Selecting previously unselected package docker-ce-rootless-extras. Preparing to unpack .../10-docker-ce-rootless-extras_5%3a23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye_amd64.deb ... Unpacking docker-ce-rootless-extras (5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Selecting previously unselected package docker-compose-plugin. Preparing to unpack .../11-docker-compose-plugin_2.17.3-1~debian.11~bullseye_amd64.deb ... Unpacking docker-compose-plugin (2.17.3-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Selecting previously unselected package liberror-perl. Preparing to unpack .../12-liberror-perl_0.17029-1_all.deb ... Unpacking liberror-perl (0.17029-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package git-man. Preparing to unpack .../13-git-man_1%3a2.30.2-1+deb11u2_all.deb ... Unpacking git-man (1:2.30.2-1+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package git. Preparing to unpack .../14-git_1%3a2.30.2-1+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking git (1:2.30.2-1+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libltdl7:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../15-libltdl7_2.4.6-15_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.6-15) ... Selecting previously unselected package libslirp0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../16-libslirp0_4.4.0-1+deb11u2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libslirp0:amd64 (4.4.0-1+deb11u2) ... Selecting previously unselected package patch. Preparing to unpack .../17-patch_2.7.6-7_amd64.deb ... Unpacking patch (2.7.6-7) ... Selecting previously unselected package slirp4netns. Preparing to unpack .../18-slirp4netns_1.0.1-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking slirp4netns (1.0.1-2) ... Setting up libip6tc2:amd64 (1.8.7-1) ... Setting up liberror-perl (0.17029-1) ... Setting up dbus-user-session (1.12.24-0+deb11u1) ... Setting up docker-buildx-plugin (0.10.4-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Setting up containerd.io (1.6.21-1) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service. Setting up patch (2.7.6-7) ... Setting up docker-compose-plugin (2.17.3-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Setting up libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.6-15) ... Setting up docker-ce-cli (5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Setting up libslirp0:amd64 (4.4.0-1+deb11u2) ... Setting up pigz (2.6-1) ... Setting up libnfnetlink0:amd64 (1.0.1-3+b1) ... Setting up git-man (1:2.30.2-1+deb11u2) ... Setting up docker-ce-rootless-extras (5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Setting up slirp4netns (1.0.1-2) ... Setting up git (1:2.30.2-1+deb11u2) ... Setting up libnetfilter-conntrack3:amd64 (1.0.8-3) ... Setting up iptables (1.8.7-1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy to provide /usr/sbin/iptables (iptables) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy to provide /usr/sbin/ip6tables (ip6tables) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/sbin/iptables-nft to provide /usr/sbin/iptables (iptables) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/sbin/ip6tables-nft to provide /usr/sbin/ip6tables (ip6tables) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/sbin/arptables-nft to provide /usr/sbin/arptables (arptables) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/sbin/ebtables-nft to provide /usr/sbin/ebtables (ebtables) in auto mode Setting up docker-ce (5:23.0.6-1~debian.11~bullseye) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /lib/systemd/system/docker.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/docker.socket → /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket. Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-13+deb11u6) ... root@debian:~#

安装结束后的测试
```
docker run hello-world
```
如果不成功可以多运行几次

docker images

Docker其他指令

docker rm             #Docker删除容器，后面要加上指定容器的ID
docker rmi            #Docker删除容器镜像，后面要加上指定镜像的ID
docker ps             #查看Docker容器
docker images         #查看Docker容器镜像